{"id":8420,"date":"2023-11-02T07:36:48","date_gmt":"2023-11-02T07:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/?p=8420"},"modified":"2023-11-16T09:41:06","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T09:41:06","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-loi-dohm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/fr\/kenniscentrum\/algemeen\/wat-is-de-wet-van-ohm\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu'est-ce que la loi d'Ohm ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_row-o-content-middle vc_row-flex\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h4>Qu'est-ce que la loi d'Ohm ?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"article_body\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8421\" src=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-1.jpg 797w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-1-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-1-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-1-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-1-200x134.jpg 200w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-1-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-1-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>Les\u00a0<strong>Loi d'Ohm<\/strong>\u00a0est une formule utilis\u00e9e pour calculer la relation entre la tension \u00e9lectrique, le courant \u00e9lectrique et la r\u00e9sistance dans un circuit.<\/p>\n<p>Pour les personnes qui s'initient \u00e0 l'\u00e9lectronique, la loi d'Ohm, U = I x R, est aussi importante que la th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 d'Einstein (E = mc\u00b2) l'est pour les physiciens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>U = I x R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En clair, cela signifie\u00a0<strong>tension = courant x r\u00e9sistance<\/strong>, ou\u00a0<strong>volt = amp x ohm<\/strong>\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong>V = A x \u03a9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>La loi d'Ohm, nomm\u00e9e d'apr\u00e8s le physicien allemand Georg Ohm (1789-1854), concerne les quantit\u00e9s les plus importantes dans les circuits :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 8px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><div class='table-responsive'><table class='table table-striped'><thead ><tr><th>La grandeur<\/th><th>Symbole de la voie d'Ohm<\/th><th>Unit\u00e9 de mesure (abr\u00e9viation)<\/th><th>R\u00f4le dans les circuits<\/th><th>Au cas o\u00f9 vous vous poseriez la question :<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Tension<\/td><td>U<\/td><td>Volt (V)<\/td><td>Pression activant le flux d'\u00e9lectrons<\/td><td>U = urgere (latin pour \u2018propulser\u2019)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Actuel<\/td><td>I<\/td><td>Amp\u00e8re, amp (A)<\/td><td>Vitesse du flux d'\u00e9lectrons<\/td><td>I = intensit\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u00e9sistance <\/td><td>R<\/td><td>Ohm (\u03a9)<\/td><td>Inhibe le flux<\/td><td>\u03a9 = lettre grecque om\u00e9ga<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p>Si deux de ces valeurs sont connues, les ing\u00e9nieurs peuvent utiliser la loi d'Ohm pour calculer la troisi\u00e8me. La pyramide peut \u00eatre modifi\u00e9e comme suit :<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8427 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-2.jpg\" alt=\"Qu&#039;est-ce que la loi d&#039;Ohm ?\" width=\"711\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-2.jpg 711w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-2-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-2-370x186.jpg 370w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-2-360x181.jpg 360w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-2-200x100.jpg 200w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-2-400x201.jpg 400w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-2-100x50.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Si la tension (E) et le courant (I) sont connus et que vous voulez calculer la r\u00e9sistance (R), rayez le R dans la pyramide et calculez l'\u00e9quation restante (voir la premi\u00e8re pyramide, \u00e0 l'extr\u00eame gauche, ci-dessus).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Remarque :<\/strong>\u00a0La r\u00e9sistance ne peut pas \u00eatre mesur\u00e9e lorsqu'un circuit fonctionne. La loi d'Ohm est donc particuli\u00e8rement utile lorsqu'il s'agit de la calculer. Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de mettre le circuit hors tension pour mesurer la r\u00e9sistance, car en utilisant la variation de la loi d'Ohm ci-dessus, un technicien peut calculer R.<\/p>\n<p>Si la tension (E) et la r\u00e9sistance (R) sont connues et que l'on souhaite obtenir la <strong>flux<\/strong>\u00a0(I), barrez le I dans la pyramide et calculez l'\u00e9quation restante (voir la pyramide du milieu ci-dessus).<\/p>\n<p>Si l'on conna\u00eet le courant (I) et la r\u00e9sistance (R) et que l'on veut calculer la\u00a0<strong>tension<\/strong> (E) calcul, multiplier les deux valeurs du bas de la pyramide l'une par l'autre (voir la troisi\u00e8me pyramide, \u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite, ci-dessus).<\/p>\n<p>Essayez quelques exemples de calculs pour un circuit s\u00e9rie simple avec une source de tension (pile) et une r\u00e9sistance (ampoule). Dans chaque exemple, deux valeurs sont connues. Utilisez la loi d'Ohm pour calculer la troisi\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exemple 1 :<\/strong> La tension (E) et la r\u00e9sistance (R) sont connues.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8428\" src=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"713\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-3.jpg 713w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-3-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-3-370x186.jpg 370w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-3-360x181.jpg 360w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-3-200x100.jpg 200w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-3-400x201.jpg 400w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-3-100x50.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>Quelle est l'intensit\u00e9 du courant dans le circuit ?<\/h4>\n<p>I = U\/R = 12 V\/6 \u03a9 = 2 A<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exemple 2 :<\/strong> La tension (E) et le courant (I) sont connus.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8435 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-4-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"713\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-4-1.jpg 713w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-4-1-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-4-1-370x187.jpg 370w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-4-1-360x182.jpg 360w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-4-1-200x101.jpg 200w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-4-1-400x202.jpg 400w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-4-1-100x50.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>Quelle est la r\u00e9sistance caus\u00e9e par l'ampoule ?<\/h4>\n<p>R = E\/I = 24 V\/6 A = 4 \u03a9<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exemple 3 :<\/strong>\u00a0Le courant (I) et la r\u00e9sistance (R) sont connus. Quelle est la tension ?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8430\" src=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"714\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-5.jpg 714w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-5-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-5-370x186.jpg 370w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-5-360x181.jpg 360w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-5-200x101.jpg 200w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-5-400x201.jpg 400w, https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/wet-van-ohm-5-100x50.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>Quelle est la tension dans le circuit ?<\/h4>\n<p>E = I x R = (5 A)(8 \u03a9) = 40 V<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque Ohm a publi\u00e9 sa formule en 1827, sa principale conclusion \u00e9tait que la quantit\u00e9 de courant \u00e9lectrique circulant dans un conducteur \u00e9tait\u00a0<strong>directement proportionnel<\/strong>\u00a0est fonction de la tension \u00e0 laquelle elle est soumise. En d'autres termes, il faut un volt de pression pour faire passer un amp\u00e8re de courant \u00e0 travers un ohm de r\u00e9sistance.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Ce qui peut \u00eatre valid\u00e9 avec la loi d'Ohm<\/h4>\n<p>La loi d'Ohm peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour valider les valeurs statiques des composants du circuit, les niveaux de courant, les entr\u00e9es de tension et les chutes de tension. Par exemple, si un instrument de mesure observe un courant plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que la normale, cela peut signifier que la r\u00e9sistance a diminu\u00e9 ou que la tension a augment\u00e9, provoquant une situation de haute tension. Cela peut indiquer un probl\u00e8me dans l'alimentation \u00e9lectrique ou dans le circuit.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les circuits de courant continu (CC), une valeur de mesure du courant inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la normale peut signifier que la tension a diminu\u00e9 ou que la r\u00e9sistance du circuit a augment\u00e9. Les causes possibles d'une augmentation de la r\u00e9sistance sont des connexions mauvaises ou l\u00e2ches, la corrosion et\/ou des composants endommag\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Dans un circuit, les charges absorbent le courant \u00e9lectrique. Il peut s'agir de toutes sortes de composants : petits appareils \u00e9lectriques, ordinateurs, appareils m\u00e9nagers ou gros moteurs. La plupart de ces composants (charges) sont munis d'une plaque signal\u00e9tique ou d'un autocollant d'information. Cette plaque indique le certificat de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et divers num\u00e9ros de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n<p>Les techniciens consultent les plaques signal\u00e9tiques des composants pour conna\u00eetre les valeurs de tension et de courant standard. Si, lors d'une mesure, un technicien constate que le multim\u00e8tre num\u00e9rique ou la pince amp\u00e8rem\u00e9trique enregistre des valeurs diff\u00e9rentes des valeurs habituelles, il peut utiliser la loi d'Ohm pour d\u00e9terminer quelle partie du circuit ne fonctionne pas correctement et quelle pourrait en \u00eatre la cause.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Connaissances de base sur les circuits.<\/h4>\n<p>Comme toute chose, les circuits sont constitu\u00e9s d'atomes. Les atomes, \u00e0 leur tour, sont constitu\u00e9s de particules subatomiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protons (avec une charge \u00e9lectrique positive)<\/li>\n<li>Neutrons (sans charge)<\/li>\n<li>Electrons (avec une charge n\u00e9gative)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les atomes sont maintenus ensemble par les forces d'attraction entre le noyau de l'atome et les \u00e9lectrons de la couche externe. Lorsque les atomes d'un circuit sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 une tension, ils se reforment et leurs parties exercent un potentiel d'attraction connu sous le nom de diff\u00e9rence de potentiel. Les \u00e9lectrons libres qui s'attirent mutuellement se d\u00e9placent vers les protons, cr\u00e9ant ainsi un flux d'\u00e9lectrons (courant). Tout mat\u00e9riau dans le circuit qui interf\u00e8re avec ce courant est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une r\u00e9sistance.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : <a href=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/fr\/produits\/hvac\/les-multimetres\/\">Multim\u00e8tre num\u00e9rique<\/a> Principles par Glen A. Mazur, American Technical Publishers.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 32px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"maxbutton-5 maxbutton maxbutton-informatie-aanvragen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/fr\/contact\/\"><span class='mb-text'>Demande d'informations<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 100px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Wat is de wet van Ohm? De\u00a0wet van Ohm\u00a0is een formule die wordt gebruikt om de relatie te berekenen tussen elektrische spanning, elektrische stroom en weerstand in een stroomkring. Voor mensen die leren over elektronica is de wet van Ohm,...","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[302,279],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-algemeen","category-kenniscentrum"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Wat is de wet van Ohm? - LHM Instrumentation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"De wet van Ohm kan worden gebruikt ter validatie van de statische waarden van stroomkringcomponenten, stroomniveaus, spanningstoevoer en spanningsdalingen.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lhm-instrumentation.eu\/fr\/centre-de-connaissances\/general\/quest-ce-que-la-loi-dohm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wat is de wet van Ohm? 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